1 00:05:43,879 --> 00:00:24,740 [Music] 2 00:05:44,809 --> 00:05:43,889 good afternoon thanks for joining us for 3 00:05:47,779 --> 00:05:44,819 the International Space Station 4 00:05:49,820 --> 00:05:47,789 expedition 63 and 64 crew news 5 00:05:52,550 --> 00:05:49,830 conference from NASA's Johnson Space 6 00:05:55,369 --> 00:05:52,560 Center with us is NASA astronaut Cady 7 00:05:58,309 --> 00:05:55,379 burns and cosmonaut Sergei risk Brazil 8 00:06:01,339 --> 00:05:58,319 cough and Sergei Koontz vertov of this 9 00:06:02,510 --> 00:06:01,349 Russian space agency Roscosmos to talk 10 00:06:04,790 --> 00:06:02,520 about their training and upcoming 11 00:06:06,589 --> 00:06:04,800 mission they will launch aboard a Soyuz 12 00:06:09,980 --> 00:06:06,599 spacecraft from the baikonur cosmodrome 13 00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:09,990 in kazakhstan on october 14th for a 14 00:06:13,520 --> 00:06:11,370 six-month mission aboard the space 15 00:06:15,770 --> 00:06:13,530 station within weeks after their arrival 16 00:06:18,020 --> 00:06:15,780 we'll celebrate the 20th anniversary of 17 00:06:20,360 --> 00:06:18,030 a permanent human presence on the space 18 00:06:22,459 --> 00:06:20,370 station we also anticipate the first 19 00:06:24,320 --> 00:06:22,469 operational crewed mission of the SpaceX 20 00:06:26,689 --> 00:06:24,330 Dragon spacecraft to take place during 21 00:06:29,450 --> 00:06:26,699 their mission another exciting milestone 22 00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:29,460 for human spaceflight kate has a 23 00:06:33,499 --> 00:06:31,050 background in molecular and cancer 24 00:06:35,360 --> 00:06:33,509 biology and led efforts to study viral 25 00:06:38,929 --> 00:06:35,370 diseases before being selected as an 26 00:06:40,580 --> 00:06:38,939 astronaut in 2009 she spent 115 days in 27 00:06:44,119 --> 00:06:40,590 space aboard the space station on 28 00:06:46,189 --> 00:06:44,129 expedition 48 and 49 in 2016 during 29 00:06:48,290 --> 00:06:46,199 which she conducted two spacewalks and 30 00:06:51,200 --> 00:06:48,300 many research investigations including 31 00:06:53,959 --> 00:06:51,210 the first DNA sequencing in space this 32 00:06:56,300 --> 00:06:53,969 will be her second spaceflight watching 33 00:06:58,550 --> 00:06:56,310 with Kate in the Soyuz commander as the 34 00:07:00,890 --> 00:06:58,560 rest cosmos cosmonaut Sergei Rizzo cuff 35 00:07:04,969 --> 00:07:00,900 result office was a flight engineer for 36 00:07:07,399 --> 00:07:04,979 expeditions 49 and 50 in October 2016 37 00:07:09,379 --> 00:07:07,409 through April 2017 when he was on board 38 00:07:09,920 --> 00:07:09,389 the space station with rubens for a few 39 00:07:11,809 --> 00:07:09,930 days 40 00:07:14,240 --> 00:07:11,819 that October before she returned to 41 00:07:17,269 --> 00:07:14,250 Earth this is also his second trip to 42 00:07:20,059 --> 00:07:17,279 space finally we have rose cosmos 43 00:07:21,350 --> 00:07:20,069 cosmonaut Sergei Koontz fertig of this 44 00:07:23,869 --> 00:07:21,360 will be his first spaceflight 45 00:07:25,070 --> 00:07:23,879 congratulations Sergei will give the 46 00:07:27,379 --> 00:07:25,080 crew a chance to tell us about their 47 00:07:29,029 --> 00:07:27,389 mission then we'll take questions for 48 00:07:31,760 --> 00:07:29,039 those on the phone please press star-1 49 00:07:33,260 --> 00:07:31,770 if you have a question and star 2 to 50 00:07:35,839 --> 00:07:33,270 withdraw your question if it's already 51 00:07:37,640 --> 00:07:35,849 been answered if you'd like to ask a 52 00:07:41,209 --> 00:07:37,650 question on social media please use 53 00:07:43,879 --> 00:07:41,219 hashtag ask NASA with that let me turn 54 00:07:45,800 --> 00:07:43,889 to Kate Rubin's Kate you are a scientist 55 00:07:47,180 --> 00:07:45,810 and you participated in hundreds of 56 00:07:49,010 --> 00:07:47,190 science investigations during your last 57 00:07:51,019 --> 00:07:49,020 mission what are you most looking 58 00:07:52,360 --> 00:07:51,029 forward to for this mission can you tell 59 00:07:55,300 --> 00:07:52,370 us about some of the science 60 00:07:57,820 --> 00:07:55,310 yeah absolutely I'm really excited about 61 00:08:00,280 --> 00:07:57,830 the expansion of some of the early work 62 00:08:03,070 --> 00:08:00,290 that we did growing cells for long 63 00:08:04,900 --> 00:08:03,080 duration and culture so I'm a biologist 64 00:08:06,430 --> 00:08:04,910 I tend towards getting really excited 65 00:08:08,379 --> 00:08:06,440 about things like growing cells and 66 00:08:09,879 --> 00:08:08,389 culture but the international space 67 00:08:12,300 --> 00:08:09,889 station offers us a really exciting 68 00:08:15,879 --> 00:08:12,310 opportunity to study things like 69 00:08:18,400 --> 00:08:15,889 three-dimensional culture you know 70 00:08:20,250 --> 00:08:18,410 tissues and organs in microgravity in 71 00:08:22,900 --> 00:08:20,260 ways that we can't study on earth 72 00:08:24,460 --> 00:08:22,910 because you get these delicate 73 00:08:26,830 --> 00:08:24,470 structures that will collapse under 74 00:08:29,530 --> 00:08:26,840 gravity conditions so there's a lot of 75 00:08:31,300 --> 00:08:29,540 really exciting biology going on there's 76 00:08:32,980 --> 00:08:31,310 some great physics experiments you may 77 00:08:35,950 --> 00:08:32,990 have seen some scientific press about 78 00:08:38,800 --> 00:08:35,960 cold atom lab recently that promises to 79 00:08:41,050 --> 00:08:38,810 be a really exciting investigation for 80 00:08:42,760 --> 00:08:41,060 the world of physics and of course I'm 81 00:08:44,740 --> 00:08:42,770 looking forward to expanding some of the 82 00:08:47,430 --> 00:08:44,750 sequencer efforts that we started in 83 00:08:50,110 --> 00:08:47,440 2016 with that team 84 00:08:51,790 --> 00:08:50,120 that sounds great we're so excited to 85 00:08:54,910 --> 00:08:51,800 see you up there performing all that 86 00:08:57,370 --> 00:08:54,920 important research with that let me turn 87 00:08:58,990 --> 00:08:57,380 to Sergey result Gogh this will be your 88 00:09:01,180 --> 00:08:59,000 second trip to the International Space 89 00:09:03,010 --> 00:09:01,190 Station with that experience what are 90 00:09:09,930 --> 00:09:03,020 you most looking forward to for this 91 00:09:19,300 --> 00:09:12,190 Kalpana Chawla looking polishness the 92 00:09:23,620 --> 00:09:19,310 Australian vodka - Mustafa finish we 93 00:09:25,450 --> 00:09:23,630 keep our drive is a Christian will 94 00:09:27,670 --> 00:09:25,460 fulfill all the objectives of the 95 00:09:32,920 --> 00:09:27,680 mission and that the crew will make it 96 00:09:36,100 --> 00:09:32,930 safely to nerve and stay well all right 97 00:09:38,410 --> 00:09:36,110 Thank You Sergei could switch cough this 98 00:09:40,120 --> 00:09:38,420 is your first trip to space how excited 99 00:09:45,540 --> 00:09:40,130 are you for this upcoming launch what 100 00:09:51,240 --> 00:09:48,100 canoes new Europe Atma pollutant 101 00:09:54,700 --> 00:09:51,250 messages say my missus focuses on 102 00:09:57,850 --> 00:09:54,710 restoration rescue pocket off key in 103 00:10:00,070 --> 00:09:57,860 position das DARPA of course I'm very 104 00:10:00,940 --> 00:10:00,080 excited about this upcoming trip to the 105 00:10:03,340 --> 00:10:00,950 space station 106 00:10:05,650 --> 00:10:03,350 but right now I'm intensely focused on 107 00:10:07,740 --> 00:10:05,660 the last period of training before 108 00:10:09,280 --> 00:10:07,750 launch 109 00:10:11,770 --> 00:10:09,290 alright great 110 00:10:13,210 --> 00:10:11,780 let's take some questions we'll start 111 00:10:15,340 --> 00:10:13,220 with questions on the phone and then 112 00:10:16,720 --> 00:10:15,350 take questions from social media so 113 00:10:18,790 --> 00:10:16,730 remember if you're on the phone please 114 00:10:20,650 --> 00:10:18,800 press star 1 if you have a question and 115 00:10:22,270 --> 00:10:20,660 start to to withdraw your question if 116 00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:22,280 it's been answered if you're on social 117 00:10:27,250 --> 00:10:24,050 media you can ask questions using 118 00:10:29,710 --> 00:10:27,260 hashtag ask NASA alright starting with 119 00:10:31,780 --> 00:10:29,720 the phone we have Megan Bauer from 120 00:10:35,460 --> 00:10:31,790 Pacific Rim media go ahead with your 121 00:10:42,610 --> 00:10:39,490 in previous research I've done some DNA 122 00:10:45,610 --> 00:10:42,620 analysis could you talk about how DNA 123 00:10:48,100 --> 00:10:45,620 sequencing and analysis in microgravity 124 00:10:50,680 --> 00:10:48,110 could the core or both the research 125 00:10:52,360 --> 00:10:50,690 being done back on earth yeah absolutely 126 00:10:55,330 --> 00:10:52,370 some of the things that we're really 127 00:10:57,640 --> 00:10:55,340 interested in with the DNA sequencing 128 00:10:59,440 --> 00:10:57,650 this flight is looking at the microbiome 129 00:11:01,840 --> 00:10:59,450 of the space station environment and 130 00:11:04,210 --> 00:11:01,850 that has a lot of parallels with ways 131 00:11:06,070 --> 00:11:04,220 that we study the microbiome on earth so 132 00:11:08,380 --> 00:11:06,080 there's this idea the microbiome of the 133 00:11:10,180 --> 00:11:08,390 built environment all the microbes all 134 00:11:11,800 --> 00:11:10,190 around you they're not necessarily 135 00:11:14,080 --> 00:11:11,810 harmful and a lot of cases they're 136 00:11:15,310 --> 00:11:14,090 beneficial but they really surround us 137 00:11:17,890 --> 00:11:15,320 and they're in our environment all the 138 00:11:20,140 --> 00:11:17,900 time what we're very interested in 139 00:11:21,880 --> 00:11:20,150 is how the microbiome of the space 140 00:11:24,610 --> 00:11:21,890 station might be different it's been 141 00:11:27,270 --> 00:11:24,620 separate from Earth for 20 years 142 00:11:30,340 --> 00:11:27,280 it's its own biome it's got its own 143 00:11:32,260 --> 00:11:30,350 resources and humans coming and going 144 00:11:34,810 --> 00:11:32,270 from it so we want to see what that 145 00:11:37,210 --> 00:11:34,820 microbiome looks like what these small 146 00:11:43,210 --> 00:11:37,220 closed environments do when they've been 147 00:11:49,690 --> 00:11:43,220 separate for a very long time Thanks 148 00:11:51,370 --> 00:11:49,700 now let's go to Howard eunice Kate this 149 00:12:01,020 --> 00:11:51,380 is Howard you from the Napa Valley 150 00:12:06,600 --> 00:12:03,400 this is Howard Dean for the Napa Valley 151 00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:06,610 Register yep and I've got you Howard 152 00:12:12,340 --> 00:12:09,890 yeah okay all right I guess my first 153 00:12:16,990 --> 00:12:12,350 question for you would be since I 154 00:12:20,050 --> 00:12:17,000 followed your mission in 2016 what would 155 00:12:22,450 --> 00:12:20,060 you say is the most important lesson 156 00:12:25,900 --> 00:12:22,460 from that experience that you carry it 157 00:12:28,030 --> 00:12:25,910 to this mission starting in October yeah 158 00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:28,040 I think it's not so much a lesson but 159 00:12:33,940 --> 00:12:31,370 just the ability to work in space so 160 00:12:35,860 --> 00:12:33,950 when you start out as a rookie for 161 00:12:37,750 --> 00:12:35,870 example you're not very good at flying 162 00:12:39,760 --> 00:12:37,760 and navigating through the space station 163 00:12:42,550 --> 00:12:39,770 so you tend to kind of crawl hand over 164 00:12:45,220 --> 00:12:42,560 hand on the handrails takes a little 165 00:12:48,070 --> 00:12:45,230 while to get your space legs so to speak 166 00:12:49,630 --> 00:12:48,080 so you have to learn how to transport 167 00:12:52,030 --> 00:12:49,640 yourself from one end of the station to 168 00:12:55,240 --> 00:12:52,040 the other how to carry out your 169 00:12:57,880 --> 00:12:55,250 activities the fact that everything 170 00:13:01,060 --> 00:12:57,890 floats seems trivial until you try to 171 00:13:02,590 --> 00:13:01,070 get a big payload done that has 20 172 00:13:04,060 --> 00:13:02,600 different parts and you have to figure 173 00:13:05,890 --> 00:13:04,070 out where you're gonna put all those I 174 00:13:08,680 --> 00:13:05,900 think learning all those kinds of skills 175 00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:08,690 takes a good two to four weeks and so 176 00:13:13,390 --> 00:13:11,450 I'm really excited to go back again with 177 00:13:16,150 --> 00:13:13,400 all that in my toolkit it means we can 178 00:13:18,760 --> 00:13:16,160 start doing a larger amount of science 179 00:13:20,830 --> 00:13:18,770 right out of the gate so we'll be taking 180 00:13:23,110 --> 00:13:20,840 over from Chris Cassidy who's also a 181 00:13:25,450 --> 00:13:23,120 very experienced astronaut on the US 182 00:13:26,980 --> 00:13:25,460 operating segment and I think we're 183 00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:26,990 going to get hopefully a lot done during 184 00:13:30,430 --> 00:13:28,610 our increment 185 00:13:35,470 --> 00:13:30,440 just that that familiar to his face is 186 00:13:40,360 --> 00:13:35,480 great alright let's go to bill Harwood 187 00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:40,370 with CBS bill har load up at the Kennedy 188 00:13:45,280 --> 00:13:43,010 Space Center this is probably a dumb 189 00:13:48,130 --> 00:13:45,290 question but with your expertise I'll 190 00:13:49,449 --> 00:13:48,140 ask it anyway by the time you guys take 191 00:13:51,579 --> 00:13:49,459 off in October I don't know if the 192 00:13:54,340 --> 00:13:51,589 pandemic is still going to be a pandemic 193 00:13:55,690 --> 00:13:54,350 or not could you what is your sense of 194 00:13:58,690 --> 00:13:55,700 it do you think it's still going to be a 195 00:14:00,430 --> 00:13:58,700 big deal by the time you fly and what is 196 00:14:03,040 --> 00:14:00,440 your advice to people right now who are 197 00:14:05,530 --> 00:14:03,050 facing it coming from the position of 198 00:14:08,110 --> 00:14:05,540 someone who is an expert on immunology 199 00:14:10,569 --> 00:14:08,120 and things like that right yeah thanks 200 00:14:13,889 --> 00:14:10,579 for your question bill so I did used to 201 00:14:16,240 --> 00:14:13,899 be a biologist in my previous life and 202 00:14:18,750 --> 00:14:16,250 unfortunately I do think in October we 203 00:14:20,500 --> 00:14:18,760 still will be struggling with this virus 204 00:14:23,139 --> 00:14:20,510 hopefully we're going to be able to 205 00:14:25,389 --> 00:14:23,149 contain it better but I think this is 206 00:14:27,250 --> 00:14:25,399 going to be around for a while what 207 00:14:28,660 --> 00:14:27,260 we've been doing at NASA is all the 208 00:14:32,040 --> 00:14:28,670 kinds of things that you've been hearing 209 00:14:35,139 --> 00:14:32,050 about so when we can work remotely we do 210 00:14:37,269 --> 00:14:35,149 when we have to do in-person training 211 00:14:39,880 --> 00:14:37,279 for example with the crews and some of 212 00:14:42,340 --> 00:14:39,890 the flight hardware we all wear masks we 213 00:14:44,800 --> 00:14:42,350 take social distancing measures and we 214 00:14:45,939 --> 00:14:44,810 sanitize the hardware as we're using it 215 00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:45,949 I think we're just going to continue 216 00:14:51,490 --> 00:14:49,010 that all through training so the kinds 217 00:14:53,560 --> 00:14:51,500 of things that we're advising people to 218 00:14:55,210 --> 00:14:53,570 do in their daily lives this is what the 219 00:14:58,030 --> 00:14:55,220 space station crew who's getting ready 220 00:14:59,199 --> 00:14:58,040 to launch is doing as well this is these 221 00:15:02,280 --> 00:14:59,209 are the best things that we know how to 222 00:15:04,840 --> 00:15:02,290 do right now to prevent transmission and 223 00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:04,850 I think this is this is great advice 224 00:15:09,130 --> 00:15:07,010 whether you're training to fly on the 225 00:15:10,780 --> 00:15:09,140 space station or you're just going about 226 00:15:15,030 --> 00:15:10,790 your daily life to keep you and your 227 00:15:21,420 --> 00:15:17,730 all right let's go to mark karo with 228 00:15:23,550 --> 00:15:21,430 Aviation Week thank you it is Mark crow 229 00:15:26,999 --> 00:15:23,560 with Aviation Week and my question is 230 00:15:30,780 --> 00:15:27,009 for Kate looks like a really good chance 231 00:15:34,939 --> 00:15:30,790 that you're going to have seven crew on 232 00:15:38,040 --> 00:15:34,949 the space station during your stay and 233 00:15:40,949 --> 00:15:38,050 five in the US segment and so I'm 234 00:15:44,129 --> 00:15:40,959 wondering what you think that says about 235 00:15:46,860 --> 00:15:44,139 the overall value of the space station 236 00:15:49,680 --> 00:15:46,870 and as a scientist astronaut yourself 237 00:15:52,530 --> 00:15:49,690 what does that say about its science 238 00:15:54,569 --> 00:15:52,540 mission that science focus yeah I think 239 00:15:56,490 --> 00:15:54,579 it's going to be incredible to have 240 00:15:59,009 --> 00:15:56,500 seven people on the space station you 241 00:16:01,230 --> 00:15:59,019 know it's really designed to be able to 242 00:16:02,460 --> 00:16:01,240 accommodate that many astronauts we've 243 00:16:04,590 --> 00:16:02,470 been doing a lot of things with the 244 00:16:06,090 --> 00:16:04,600 space station program in the last few 245 00:16:09,360 --> 00:16:06,100 years to get ready for this so we've 246 00:16:11,759 --> 00:16:09,370 been enhancing our abilities to scrub 247 00:16:14,040 --> 00:16:11,769 co2 from the atmosphere for example and 248 00:16:16,110 --> 00:16:14,050 we're testing a lot of new technologies 249 00:16:18,870 --> 00:16:16,120 that we're going to use for exploration 250 00:16:21,689 --> 00:16:18,880 so having seven crew aboard allows us to 251 00:16:24,750 --> 00:16:21,699 test things like new kinds of atmosphere 252 00:16:26,910 --> 00:16:24,760 revitalization we can test things like 253 00:16:28,650 --> 00:16:26,920 new spacesuit components and then 254 00:16:30,809 --> 00:16:28,660 certainly with that number of crew on 255 00:16:33,150 --> 00:16:30,819 station we can really increase our 256 00:16:35,250 --> 00:16:33,160 science output and so this is an 257 00:16:37,050 --> 00:16:35,260 incredible time for the International 258 00:16:40,350 --> 00:16:37,060 Space Station we've got the Commercial 259 00:16:42,269 --> 00:16:40,360 Crew program going we have cargo going 260 00:16:44,819 --> 00:16:42,279 through our providers and so we're able 261 00:16:47,309 --> 00:16:44,829 to both staff the station and send 262 00:16:48,809 --> 00:16:47,319 materials up to really really increase 263 00:16:51,660 --> 00:16:48,819 the throughput of science this is a 264 00:16:53,790 --> 00:16:51,670 mature program we know how to get a lot 265 00:16:56,579 --> 00:16:53,800 of work done up there and so when we get 266 00:16:58,259 --> 00:16:56,589 seven crew members we're going to see I 267 00:17:02,420 --> 00:16:58,269 think a huge scientific output and I'm 268 00:17:07,439 --> 00:17:04,980 all right let's switch over to a 269 00:17:09,569 --> 00:17:07,449 question on social media for all three 270 00:17:13,919 --> 00:17:09,579 of you how will you spend the rest of 271 00:17:16,740 --> 00:17:13,929 your days before your launch well from 272 00:17:18,990 --> 00:17:16,750 the NASA side we're almost completely 273 00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:19,000 finished with our NASA training we're 274 00:17:22,350 --> 00:17:20,530 going to do some training with our 275 00:17:23,520 --> 00:17:22,360 European Space Agency partners in 276 00:17:25,620 --> 00:17:23,530 Cologne and 277 00:17:28,020 --> 00:17:25,630 then move to Moscow to finish some 278 00:17:31,400 --> 00:17:28,030 training with our with our Russian 279 00:17:34,770 --> 00:17:31,410 partners and our specific Soyuz training 280 00:17:36,780 --> 00:17:34,780 will be in masks and we'll be enjoying 281 00:17:38,720 --> 00:17:36,790 our last few months on the planet but I 282 00:17:47,890 --> 00:17:38,730 think we'll be training pretty hard 283 00:17:59,230 --> 00:17:56,880 first Sergey came so just as allocate 284 00:18:02,710 --> 00:17:59,240 negative Kapoor yet prodigious at door 285 00:18:03,340 --> 00:18:02,720 Nia starta business turnover could be a 286 00:18:04,470 --> 00:18:03,350 spouse 287 00:18:07,570 --> 00:18:04,480 [Music] 288 00:18:11,860 --> 00:18:07,580 we are Prime's cuteness at geneseo's 289 00:18:13,450 --> 00:18:11,870 Nagar a dog he's a Trinity Lido start 290 00:18:16,770 --> 00:18:13,460 amok rhymes in the baikonur Vijay 291 00:18:22,990 --> 00:18:16,780 Prashad final nature's pocket off-key 292 00:18:27,160 --> 00:18:23,000 propeller den crantini motion we private 293 00:18:32,020 --> 00:18:27,170 miss miss Costanza but got off Abhishek 294 00:18:36,010 --> 00:18:32,030 Bachchan magician II is which in erotic 295 00:18:38,080 --> 00:18:36,020 stroke of Norma guitar captain so case 296 00:18:41,080 --> 00:18:38,090 basically has said it all already 297 00:18:44,290 --> 00:18:41,090 we still have some training to do and 298 00:18:47,290 --> 00:18:44,300 that training will will last until the 299 00:18:49,570 --> 00:18:47,300 launch date with no breaks no pauses 300 00:18:53,320 --> 00:18:49,580 from here we are going to Cologne and 301 00:18:55,240 --> 00:18:53,330 then find our 2008 and then three weeks 302 00:18:57,520 --> 00:18:55,250 out before the launch show we'll go to 303 00:18:59,020 --> 00:18:57,530 the Baikonur cosmodrome for the final 304 00:19:01,450 --> 00:18:59,030 stage of their preparation and the 305 00:19:04,630 --> 00:19:01,460 quarantine and that will Greg Irwin to 306 00:19:06,910 --> 00:19:04,640 launch to the SS so this final leg of 307 00:19:08,470 --> 00:19:06,920 preparation of training is going to be 308 00:19:10,680 --> 00:19:08,480 very intensive because we have very 309 00:19:12,630 --> 00:19:10,690 little time left 310 00:19:15,640 --> 00:19:12,640 all right thank you 311 00:19:17,610 --> 00:19:15,650 another question from social media for 312 00:19:20,710 --> 00:19:17,620 each of you or whoever wants to answer 313 00:19:22,780 --> 00:19:20,720 what comfort protocols are there for 314 00:19:24,610 --> 00:19:22,790 crew members who experience homesickness 315 00:19:28,960 --> 00:19:24,620 how do you deal with homesickness in 316 00:19:30,790 --> 00:19:28,970 space yeah from the first mission I 317 00:19:34,210 --> 00:19:30,800 learned that we actually have really 318 00:19:36,790 --> 00:19:34,220 great support from NASA so they provide 319 00:19:39,820 --> 00:19:36,800 the ability for us to email our friends 320 00:19:42,790 --> 00:19:39,830 and family members we can call using a 321 00:19:45,070 --> 00:19:42,800 voice over internet phone and we can 322 00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:45,080 even have weekly video chats so that's 323 00:19:51,700 --> 00:19:48,170 great we get some care packages with 324 00:19:54,160 --> 00:19:51,710 letters and and things from home my care 325 00:19:55,930 --> 00:19:54,170 package included some some plastic 326 00:19:57,190 --> 00:19:55,940 scientific equipment I could do 327 00:19:58,870 --> 00:19:57,200 experiments 328 00:20:01,780 --> 00:19:58,880 because that's what psychologically 329 00:20:03,820 --> 00:20:01,790 supports me in space so we we just have 330 00:20:06,940 --> 00:20:03,830 a really wonderful team of folks here 331 00:20:09,010 --> 00:20:06,950 from the US side that help us and the 332 00:20:17,670 --> 00:20:09,020 surrogates can answer from the Russian 333 00:20:23,230 --> 00:20:19,680 valerian as Eva Padilla 334 00:20:27,160 --> 00:20:23,240 robotica parcel number to dispatch 335 00:20:30,990 --> 00:20:27,170 weights machinist just to present when 336 00:20:33,280 --> 00:20:31,000 it was motionless with autism Louie 337 00:20:38,350 --> 00:20:33,290 osseous tangles always visible system 338 00:20:41,770 --> 00:20:38,360 videos vision he rebels cousin position 339 00:20:48,310 --> 00:20:41,780 the step King rusev specifically the 340 00:20:52,930 --> 00:20:48,320 slowly degenerate keep our taxes motion 341 00:20:58,090 --> 00:20:52,940 but at 690 emotional state severe anemia 342 00:21:00,400 --> 00:20:58,100 politer another one is that we do have 343 00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:00,410 excellent ground support that does 344 00:21:06,360 --> 00:21:04,010 support the crew a high percent and we 345 00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:06,370 cannot only communicate with them using 346 00:21:12,520 --> 00:21:09,530 audio assets but there are also video 347 00:21:13,870 --> 00:21:12,530 assets as well and besides as Kate has 348 00:21:17,950 --> 00:21:13,880 said with there are opportunities to 349 00:21:19,420 --> 00:21:17,960 send cargo so yes 350 00:21:22,210 --> 00:21:19,430 the crew are very happy with their 351 00:21:24,610 --> 00:21:22,220 ground support and in addition toward I 352 00:21:27,310 --> 00:21:24,620 have mentioned already we can visualize 353 00:21:30,610 --> 00:21:27,320 and try to imagine ourselves back in 354 00:21:33,900 --> 00:21:30,620 those places that we can see from up 355 00:21:36,490 --> 00:21:33,910 there when they look down on earth 356 00:21:39,910 --> 00:21:36,500 that's great we'll go back to the phone 357 00:21:43,780 --> 00:21:39,920 for a few more questions let's go to Eva 358 00:21:46,780 --> 00:21:43,790 with the California Space Center yes 359 00:21:49,300 --> 00:21:46,790 thank you for making this great meeting 360 00:21:52,330 --> 00:21:49,310 available I have two questions a 361 00:21:55,330 --> 00:21:52,340 controller at Space Center sponsors lady 362 00:22:00,000 --> 00:21:55,340 rocket media for the young audience for 363 00:22:06,300 --> 00:22:02,680 especially in the area of Lompoc but 364 00:22:09,100 --> 00:22:06,310 also France Poland Lithuania and Ukraine 365 00:22:10,160 --> 00:22:09,110 so I will have couple of questions for 366 00:22:13,320 --> 00:22:10,170 Kate 367 00:22:15,630 --> 00:22:13,330 with your experiment and focus on the 368 00:22:18,480 --> 00:22:15,640 research and the results that you 369 00:22:22,680 --> 00:22:18,490 delivered and trained to the label which 370 00:22:24,870 --> 00:22:22,690 one would you like to see being 371 00:22:28,940 --> 00:22:24,880 transformed into the startup and 372 00:22:34,770 --> 00:22:28,950 actually become an enterprise and 373 00:22:37,830 --> 00:22:34,780 question for both surveys is speaking to 374 00:22:41,460 --> 00:22:37,840 an audience of the countries that I'm 375 00:22:43,490 --> 00:22:41,470 sure you know who don't have ethanol 376 00:22:48,930 --> 00:22:43,500 programs yet 377 00:22:52,020 --> 00:22:48,940 how would you inspire young women and 378 00:22:57,510 --> 00:22:52,030 men in Poland since when were you crying 379 00:22:58,830 --> 00:22:57,520 to think about becoming astronauts yeah 380 00:23:01,920 --> 00:22:58,840 so for your first question about 381 00:23:04,740 --> 00:23:01,930 commercial enterprises there's actually 382 00:23:06,990 --> 00:23:04,750 a really wide world of commercial space 383 00:23:09,060 --> 00:23:07,000 that's opening up and a lot of the 384 00:23:11,250 --> 00:23:09,070 payloads that we're going to be looking 385 00:23:13,140 --> 00:23:11,260 at the scientific experiments are things 386 00:23:15,770 --> 00:23:13,150 like for example pharmaceutical 387 00:23:18,300 --> 00:23:15,780 companies that are trying to improve 388 00:23:23,040 --> 00:23:18,310 something about maybe the binding of 389 00:23:25,080 --> 00:23:23,050 their drugs their therapeutic agents for 390 00:23:27,240 --> 00:23:25,090 example with the receptor or with a with 391 00:23:29,580 --> 00:23:27,250 a ligand and so they can study that by 392 00:23:32,310 --> 00:23:29,590 crystallizing this and studying the 393 00:23:34,830 --> 00:23:32,320 structure in microgravity we talked a 394 00:23:38,400 --> 00:23:34,840 little bit about cells and understanding 395 00:23:40,530 --> 00:23:38,410 how cells form how tissues form that's 396 00:23:42,300 --> 00:23:40,540 got a lot of therapeutic applications 397 00:23:44,820 --> 00:23:42,310 and then there's a whole host of 398 00:23:46,680 --> 00:23:44,830 material science kinds of things that 399 00:23:48,870 --> 00:23:46,690 that startup companies may be really 400 00:23:51,060 --> 00:23:48,880 interested in where microgravity allows 401 00:23:54,600 --> 00:23:51,070 us to produce a product in a way that we 402 00:23:56,430 --> 00:23:54,610 can't on earth and I'll turn it over to 403 00:24:05,690 --> 00:23:56,440 my crewmates to answer your second 404 00:24:13,250 --> 00:24:07,409 stock asides 405 00:24:17,779 --> 00:24:13,260 Nalini melodically Jai Simha marui 406 00:24:21,690 --> 00:24:17,789 chesty Stronach Katara we open in luleå 407 00:24:26,370 --> 00:24:21,700 mushroom Turkish cottage my my movie a 408 00:24:29,640 --> 00:24:26,380 professor cosmonaut of some interest and 409 00:24:31,250 --> 00:24:29,650 some elusive professional Anita 410 00:24:34,830 --> 00:24:31,260 [Music] 411 00:24:38,820 --> 00:24:34,840 as far as inspiring the youth goes and 412 00:24:41,279 --> 00:24:38,830 the youth over the entire world and the 413 00:24:43,950 --> 00:24:41,289 Contras dimensions I for one can only 414 00:24:46,770 --> 00:24:43,960 say that the profession of an astronaut 415 00:24:50,990 --> 00:24:46,780 or cosmonaut is the best of all it's the 416 00:25:01,100 --> 00:24:53,390 that's great Sergei our did you have 417 00:25:04,700 --> 00:25:01,110 anything to add program Misner the 418 00:25:09,080 --> 00:25:04,710 cosmic estancia dog astrologer sneaky 419 00:25:12,260 --> 00:25:09,090 partner annoy naga rebuke organs at 420 00:25:16,130 --> 00:25:12,270 least run by the mall a demo mode in 421 00:25:18,380 --> 00:25:16,140 rhodium cutter interviews captivity room 422 00:25:21,020 --> 00:25:18,390 cosmological targets alone as well 423 00:25:22,549 --> 00:25:21,030 cosmic Oprah's trust oh he switched to 424 00:25:26,630 --> 00:25:22,559 delicious new model was noiseless 425 00:25:28,480 --> 00:25:26,640 tonight ECB Elizabeth especially the 426 00:25:31,370 --> 00:25:28,490 International Space Station project 427 00:25:33,770 --> 00:25:31,380 includes not only those countries that 428 00:25:36,200 --> 00:25:33,780 are part of this project but there are 429 00:25:38,270 --> 00:25:36,210 also other organizations that involve 430 00:25:40,669 --> 00:25:38,280 other countries that currently are not 431 00:25:43,850 --> 00:25:40,679 part of the ISS so there are multiple 432 00:25:46,520 --> 00:25:43,860 opportunities and lots of ways for those 433 00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:46,530 who are interested in piloted space 434 00:25:52,640 --> 00:25:48,090 flight in the space expression in 435 00:25:57,590 --> 00:25:52,650 general to involve themselves into this 436 00:26:01,600 --> 00:25:57,600 space thing thank you alright let's go 437 00:26:05,240 --> 00:26:01,610 to Jackie Goddard with The Times London 438 00:26:08,390 --> 00:26:05,250 Thank You hello my question is for Kate 439 00:26:11,120 --> 00:26:08,400 could you boil down to layman's terms 440 00:26:14,960 --> 00:26:11,130 what studying laser called atoms for 441 00:26:17,120 --> 00:26:14,970 quantum sensors means to sort of 442 00:26:19,700 --> 00:26:17,130 ordinary mortals and what applications 443 00:26:21,380 --> 00:26:19,710 or benefits that work might bring for 444 00:26:23,180 --> 00:26:21,390 life on earth or for technology 445 00:26:26,720 --> 00:26:23,190 breakthroughs for future space 446 00:26:28,970 --> 00:26:26,730 exploration thank you sure absolutely 447 00:26:31,520 --> 00:26:28,980 so we have those kinds of experiments 448 00:26:32,419 --> 00:26:31,530 like the cold atom lab on earth people 449 00:26:35,480 --> 00:26:32,429 have been using bose-einstein 450 00:26:38,149 --> 00:26:35,490 condensates for a long time and they've 451 00:26:41,149 --> 00:26:38,159 been using these atom traps 452 00:26:43,279 --> 00:26:41,159 what microgravity allows us to do is put 453 00:26:45,560 --> 00:26:43,289 all of that in freefall essentially and 454 00:26:48,980 --> 00:26:45,570 so that really helps the instrument 455 00:26:51,110 --> 00:26:48,990 stakeholder that allows us to look at 456 00:26:53,960 --> 00:26:51,120 the experiment over a longer period of 457 00:26:56,750 --> 00:26:53,970 time we can see phenomenon that we 458 00:26:58,940 --> 00:26:56,760 weren't able to see before and really 459 00:27:00,680 --> 00:26:58,950 the the first cold atom lab results have 460 00:27:02,779 --> 00:27:00,690 demonstrated that we were able to 461 00:27:04,350 --> 00:27:02,789 install it on station and we can get 462 00:27:07,470 --> 00:27:04,360 these first results and so this 463 00:27:10,380 --> 00:27:07,480 is really the opening of this facility 464 00:27:12,650 --> 00:27:10,390 there's eventual applications for a lot 465 00:27:15,780 --> 00:27:12,660 of different things with atom 466 00:27:17,850 --> 00:27:15,790 interferometry so we can we can it's a 467 00:27:19,470 --> 00:27:17,860 little hard to explain exactly what 468 00:27:21,120 --> 00:27:19,480 we're going to get out of this in terms 469 00:27:24,060 --> 00:27:21,130 of things that you're going to use every 470 00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:24,070 day but certainly we know that very high 471 00:27:29,610 --> 00:27:26,890 precision timing atomic clocks are 472 00:27:32,789 --> 00:27:29,620 important things like navigation you can 473 00:27:34,260 --> 00:27:32,799 imagine the types of opportunities that 474 00:27:37,049 --> 00:27:34,270 that's going to open up similar to 475 00:27:43,560 --> 00:27:37,059 things like GPS and small processors 476 00:27:45,810 --> 00:27:43,570 have opened a world of devices to us all 477 00:27:52,650 --> 00:27:45,820 right let's go to Robert Perlman with 478 00:27:54,500 --> 00:27:52,660 collect space hi Robert Carlin with 479 00:27:57,630 --> 00:27:54,510 collect space so the question for Kate 480 00:27:59,340 --> 00:27:57,640 given that we are coming soon after you 481 00:28:01,770 --> 00:27:59,350 arrive on space station you will arrive 482 00:28:04,350 --> 00:28:01,780 at that 20-year milestone of continuous 483 00:28:07,530 --> 00:28:04,360 human occupancy I was wondering what 484 00:28:10,140 --> 00:28:07,540 your own memories are of expedition 1 if 485 00:28:11,820 --> 00:28:10,150 you have any specific memories of the 486 00:28:14,280 --> 00:28:11,830 mission you can share and what does 487 00:28:17,970 --> 00:28:14,290 reaching this milestone as an 488 00:28:18,570 --> 00:28:17,980 international group of agencies mean to 489 00:28:20,640 --> 00:28:18,580 you 490 00:28:24,450 --> 00:28:20,650 what does it say about our advance in 491 00:28:26,039 --> 00:28:24,460 spaceflight thanks I think it's just 492 00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:26,049 incredible that we've had a space 493 00:28:31,560 --> 00:28:27,970 station with continuous human presence 494 00:28:33,419 --> 00:28:31,570 for 20 years it's truly amazing and you 495 00:28:36,870 --> 00:28:33,429 really feel it when you arrive at the 496 00:28:39,570 --> 00:28:36,880 space station and and see this hardware 497 00:28:41,130 --> 00:28:39,580 and see these modules put together and 498 00:28:43,710 --> 00:28:41,140 flying in space it's one of the most 499 00:28:45,930 --> 00:28:43,720 incredible engineering achievements I 500 00:28:47,430 --> 00:28:45,940 think that humanity has has done and the 501 00:28:49,560 --> 00:28:47,440 fact that we've done it as an 502 00:28:52,049 --> 00:28:49,570 international partnership and a 503 00:28:55,560 --> 00:28:52,059 collaboration I think that's absolutely 504 00:28:58,860 --> 00:28:55,570 the the intangible benefit of all of 505 00:29:00,780 --> 00:28:58,870 this so expedition 1 I I was not an 506 00:29:04,049 --> 00:29:00,790 astronaut at that point I was a 507 00:29:07,080 --> 00:29:04,059 scientist and I was a virologist and I 508 00:29:09,320 --> 00:29:07,090 was a space fan so I followed that along 509 00:29:11,789 --> 00:29:09,330 with the with the rest of you space fans 510 00:29:13,470 --> 00:29:11,799 you know and had some had some big 511 00:29:15,720 --> 00:29:13,480 dreams but never thought that I would 512 00:29:19,530 --> 00:29:15,730 actually be getting a chance to fly to 513 00:29:28,360 --> 00:29:22,810 all right let's go to Russell pounds 514 00:29:30,490 --> 00:29:28,370 with Pacific Rim media hello this is 515 00:29:33,280 --> 00:29:30,500 Russell pound the Pacific Rim media and 516 00:29:35,830 --> 00:29:33,290 a question for King I'm looking at 517 00:29:37,750 --> 00:29:35,840 what's going on with our pandemic across 518 00:29:40,570 --> 00:29:37,760 the world right now and I was curious 519 00:29:42,910 --> 00:29:40,580 what's your greatest hope for a silver 520 00:29:45,640 --> 00:29:42,920 lining that may come from the current 521 00:29:47,620 --> 00:29:45,650 crisis we're working through yeah I 522 00:29:50,740 --> 00:29:47,630 think you know things are really tough 523 00:29:52,570 --> 00:29:50,750 right now and it's you know this is this 524 00:29:54,730 --> 00:29:52,580 is a tough time and it's really a tough 525 00:29:56,970 --> 00:29:54,740 time for the whole world what we are 526 00:30:00,190 --> 00:29:56,980 seeing from the field of science is 527 00:30:03,670 --> 00:30:00,200 really an incredible amount of effort 528 00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:03,680 I have never as a scientist seen so many 529 00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:06,650 scientists working towards one goal and 530 00:30:10,900 --> 00:30:08,450 so you can see that with the people that 531 00:30:13,650 --> 00:30:10,910 are developing Diagnostics for the virus 532 00:30:16,090 --> 00:30:13,660 developing vaccines and therapeutics 533 00:30:18,370 --> 00:30:16,100 literally the the world's scientific 534 00:30:19,030 --> 00:30:18,380 enterprise is focused on solving this 535 00:30:20,890 --> 00:30:19,040 problem 536 00:30:23,440 --> 00:30:20,900 I think scientists are finding new ways 537 00:30:26,350 --> 00:30:23,450 to collaborate together and they're 538 00:30:28,570 --> 00:30:26,360 speeding up research the the pace of the 539 00:30:30,870 --> 00:30:28,580 discoveries is pretty incredible so I am 540 00:30:33,850 --> 00:30:30,880 heartened by what we can achieve 541 00:30:35,410 --> 00:30:33,860 together as humanity and and the 542 00:30:37,180 --> 00:30:35,420 scientific progress that we're seeing I 543 00:30:40,590 --> 00:30:37,190 think is going to bear fruit in terms of 544 00:30:47,050 --> 00:30:40,600 our ability to handle this disease and 545 00:30:48,850 --> 00:30:47,060 really ensure that we emerge from it all 546 00:30:52,420 --> 00:30:48,860 right let's go back to a couple of 547 00:30:54,760 --> 00:30:52,430 questions on social media for Sergey are 548 00:30:58,120 --> 00:30:54,770 what are the training differences 549 00:30:59,620 --> 00:30:58,130 between the Soyuz TMA M and the Soyuz M 550 00:31:07,600 --> 00:30:59,630 s if you can answer and have an 551 00:31:10,660 --> 00:31:07,610 experience on that process you've made a 552 00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:10,670 lot of kitchen a student still it almost 553 00:31:16,690 --> 00:31:13,210 is a change difficult to say user 554 00:31:20,020 --> 00:31:16,700 connects name is citizen Alicia 555 00:31:21,540 --> 00:31:20,030 miss Madonna Tuerto veneers necessarily 556 00:31:24,340 --> 00:31:21,550 a configuration 557 00:31:29,110 --> 00:31:24,350 non-skid which is level was pretty much 558 00:31:32,650 --> 00:31:29,120 a gesture was Pitonyak terribly no 559 00:31:34,540 --> 00:31:32,660 stationary repressive in exported set 560 00:31:36,700 --> 00:31:34,550 with Delia Jakarta is directly shared 561 00:31:41,230 --> 00:31:36,710 sadly the Boucher waking up to the body 562 00:31:43,330 --> 00:31:41,240 me kissing is me bald Italian Moshe boom 563 00:31:48,160 --> 00:31:43,340 but Roberto detection the your coffee 564 00:31:51,850 --> 00:31:48,170 wasn't very keen yes indeed it took me 565 00:31:53,740 --> 00:31:51,860 14 years studying different Soyuz 566 00:31:56,550 --> 00:31:53,750 modifications and now you have a 567 00:32:00,960 --> 00:31:56,560 modification number four there are 568 00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:00,970 extremely important differences very 569 00:32:07,390 --> 00:32:03,410 significant ones even though the search 570 00:32:09,310 --> 00:32:07,400 vehicle looks the same and Kate and I 571 00:32:11,230 --> 00:32:09,320 have already had the opportunity to test 572 00:32:15,150 --> 00:32:11,240 out the first two the echoes of this new 573 00:32:18,460 --> 00:32:15,160 series and now it's a service that goes 574 00:32:21,700 --> 00:32:18,470 continuously even though the each 575 00:32:26,170 --> 00:32:21,710 vehicle is still different from the 576 00:32:30,970 --> 00:32:26,180 previous one and to provide more details 577 00:32:34,180 --> 00:32:30,980 so we'll have to do some tests and to 578 00:32:39,660 --> 00:32:34,190 continue to work with this particular 579 00:32:42,070 --> 00:32:39,670 vehicle when we get on board all right 580 00:32:44,440 --> 00:32:42,080 please remember if you have a question 581 00:32:47,620 --> 00:32:44,450 on the phone bridge to press star one 582 00:32:49,270 --> 00:32:47,630 and I will call on you for now let's 583 00:32:52,420 --> 00:32:49,280 take another one from social media this 584 00:32:54,730 --> 00:32:52,430 is for Kate on YouTube its DNA 585 00:32:56,860 --> 00:32:54,740 sequencing what is DNA sequencing and 586 00:32:59,080 --> 00:32:56,870 why is it different on the International 587 00:33:01,840 --> 00:32:59,090 Space Station yeah that's a great 588 00:33:03,730 --> 00:33:01,850 question so DNA this is the building 589 00:33:06,820 --> 00:33:03,740 blocks of life this is the blueprint 590 00:33:09,030 --> 00:33:06,830 that's in your cells and in every cell 591 00:33:11,920 --> 00:33:09,040 of every living organism on earth and 592 00:33:13,780 --> 00:33:11,930 sequencing is essentially reading that 593 00:33:16,540 --> 00:33:13,790 so it's like reading a book it's 594 00:33:18,700 --> 00:33:16,550 comprised of four letters only so it's a 595 00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:18,710 strange book but we read each letter 596 00:33:23,170 --> 00:33:21,050 individually with a DNA sequencer and 597 00:33:24,670 --> 00:33:23,180 that can tell us a lot of different 598 00:33:26,410 --> 00:33:24,680 things that can tell us for example if 599 00:33:28,180 --> 00:33:26,420 we're looking at microbes which 600 00:33:30,310 --> 00:33:28,190 different species are there so we read 601 00:33:32,019 --> 00:33:30,320 their genome we match them to a database 602 00:33:35,230 --> 00:33:32,029 we can tell who's who and where they're 603 00:33:38,049 --> 00:33:35,240 living we can also tell things like how 604 00:33:40,360 --> 00:33:38,059 the environment is affecting cellular 605 00:33:42,460 --> 00:33:40,370 changes so in that case we're reading 606 00:33:45,580 --> 00:33:42,470 out the messages from the DNA this is 607 00:33:48,100 --> 00:33:45,590 called RNA and we can also tell things 608 00:33:50,100 --> 00:33:48,110 like epigenetics so how that DNA may be 609 00:33:53,830 --> 00:33:50,110 modified in a different environment 610 00:33:56,139 --> 00:33:53,840 there is a study recently about the two 611 00:33:58,690 --> 00:33:56,149 twins one on earth and one on spit and 612 00:34:01,299 --> 00:33:58,700 one on the ground and one in space and 613 00:34:02,889 --> 00:34:01,309 they looked at epigenetic modifications 614 00:34:06,279 --> 00:34:02,899 which are the changes to the DNA 615 00:34:08,500 --> 00:34:06,289 possibly due to spaceflight so the 616 00:34:11,169 --> 00:34:08,510 actual process of sequencing is not 617 00:34:13,720 --> 00:34:11,179 different in space but what we're using 618 00:34:16,359 --> 00:34:13,730 this is a tool to examine how things 619 00:34:17,800 --> 00:34:16,369 change in space so for example if you 620 00:34:20,319 --> 00:34:17,810 want to see how the microbial 621 00:34:22,659 --> 00:34:20,329 environment is different in space you 622 00:34:25,359 --> 00:34:22,669 count the microorganisms up there if you 623 00:34:27,520 --> 00:34:25,369 want to see how cells change in response 624 00:34:29,680 --> 00:34:27,530 to microgravity and different 625 00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:29,690 gravitational sensing you can look at 626 00:34:33,309 --> 00:34:31,010 the messages that are coming out of 627 00:34:35,230 --> 00:34:33,319 those cells so it's really a tool to 628 00:34:37,270 --> 00:34:35,240 look at all of these different kinds of 629 00:34:39,940 --> 00:34:37,280 things that are happening at the 630 00:34:45,369 --> 00:34:39,950 cellular and the molecular level in in 631 00:34:48,309 --> 00:34:45,379 space alright that's amazing thank you 632 00:34:51,250 --> 00:34:48,319 another question on Twitter this is for 633 00:34:53,290 --> 00:34:51,260 Kate and Sergey are what was your best 634 00:34:56,290 --> 00:34:53,300 or favorite memory from your last 635 00:34:59,579 --> 00:34:56,300 mission let's start with Kate sure I 636 00:35:02,680 --> 00:34:59,589 think probably my my favorite memory was 637 00:35:06,309 --> 00:35:02,690 on the spacewalk there's really nothing 638 00:35:07,809 --> 00:35:06,319 that compares to being a vacuum we were 639 00:35:11,290 --> 00:35:07,819 at the very front of the space station 640 00:35:13,240 --> 00:35:11,300 so the port that Bob and Doug just 641 00:35:15,160 --> 00:35:13,250 docked to with their endeavour 642 00:35:17,050 --> 00:35:15,170 spacecraft was was one of the things 643 00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:17,060 that we were installing so we got to 644 00:35:21,670 --> 00:35:19,010 turn around and look and see the entire 645 00:35:23,500 --> 00:35:21,680 space station from the outside you don't 646 00:35:25,960 --> 00:35:23,510 realize what it's like when you're 647 00:35:27,880 --> 00:35:25,970 living inside it and so to be outside it 648 00:35:30,339 --> 00:35:27,890 and looking back that was pretty 649 00:35:32,589 --> 00:35:30,349 incredible I got a chance to snap a 650 00:35:34,089 --> 00:35:32,599 photo of jeff williams who was out there 651 00:35:36,670 --> 00:35:34,099 with me on a spacewalk with the whole 652 00:35:40,380 --> 00:35:36,680 station behind him and that crystallizes 653 00:35:40,390 --> 00:35:45,840 amazing Sergey are 654 00:35:53,220 --> 00:35:50,990 Lavinia yamashina banana Staravia 655 00:35:55,230 --> 00:35:53,230 Samarkand eating a pretty onion over two 656 00:35:57,960 --> 00:35:55,240 stands he was more than a state on a 657 00:36:00,840 --> 00:35:57,970 crostini news Oh mr. Schuester gaturro 658 00:36:03,210 --> 00:36:00,850 most Australian skating the new version 659 00:36:04,950 --> 00:36:03,220 jet ski mr. Branigan estes fish swedish 660 00:36:07,380 --> 00:36:04,960 it was a fall now I was Morrison 661 00:36:11,340 --> 00:36:07,390 Virginia and not sure are doing because 662 00:36:13,620 --> 00:36:11,350 Nicole netted so for me the most vivid 663 00:36:17,240 --> 00:36:13,630 impressions were left by the mere fact 664 00:36:20,250 --> 00:36:17,250 of my long-duration stay onboard the ISS 665 00:36:23,670 --> 00:36:20,260 experiencing zero-g weightlessness which 666 00:36:27,060 --> 00:36:23,680 I can compare to like dreaming when 667 00:36:31,500 --> 00:36:27,070 you're a kid and of course observing the 668 00:36:34,110 --> 00:36:31,510 earth from afar from up there all right 669 00:36:36,570 --> 00:36:34,120 great another question on Twitter this 670 00:36:38,970 --> 00:36:36,580 one's for Kate what goals do you wish to 671 00:36:42,810 --> 00:36:38,980 accomplish in your biological studies 672 00:36:45,420 --> 00:36:42,820 towards cancer research yeah so I got I 673 00:36:47,850 --> 00:36:45,430 got my PhD in cancer biology but I 674 00:36:50,430 --> 00:36:47,860 actually did a lot of work on viral adji 675 00:36:52,470 --> 00:36:50,440 most of our work on space station is 676 00:36:54,810 --> 00:36:52,480 focused by things which microgravity 677 00:36:58,440 --> 00:36:54,820 affects so I think we are going to study 678 00:37:01,260 --> 00:36:58,450 a lot of cellular mechanisms the 679 00:37:03,540 --> 00:37:01,270 response of cells to microgravity how 680 00:37:06,870 --> 00:37:03,550 cells organize for example we can look 681 00:37:08,610 --> 00:37:06,880 at small organize and and how they might 682 00:37:10,920 --> 00:37:08,620 form structures in microgravity 683 00:37:15,780 --> 00:37:10,930 these things aren't directly related to 684 00:37:18,420 --> 00:37:15,790 understanding cancer or the process of 685 00:37:21,720 --> 00:37:18,430 mutation but we can't understand a lot 686 00:37:23,760 --> 00:37:21,730 more about human physiology and gravity 687 00:37:26,520 --> 00:37:23,770 is one of those variables that we can't 688 00:37:28,470 --> 00:37:26,530 ever check on the ground we can't assess 689 00:37:30,870 --> 00:37:28,480 our experiment with and without gravity 690 00:37:33,240 --> 00:37:30,880 that's very difficult to do here for a 691 00:37:35,700 --> 00:37:33,250 number of reasons we have some setups 692 00:37:37,230 --> 00:37:35,710 that don't quite there they're close 693 00:37:39,510 --> 00:37:37,240 approximations but they don't quite 694 00:37:41,820 --> 00:37:39,520 mimic true microgravity so I'm really 695 00:37:43,620 --> 00:37:41,830 interested in understanding cell and 696 00:37:44,670 --> 00:37:43,630 tissue architecture and when we 697 00:37:48,110 --> 00:37:44,680 understand that better 698 00:37:51,450 --> 00:37:48,120 we often get an idea about things like 699 00:37:55,510 --> 00:37:51,460 tumor biology and tumor environment and 700 00:37:58,940 --> 00:37:55,520 how tumors may move around in the body 701 00:37:59,810 --> 00:37:58,950 all right we'll go back to the phone one 702 00:38:01,460 --> 00:37:59,820 more time 703 00:38:05,570 --> 00:38:01,470 Russell pounds did you have a follow-up 704 00:38:08,720 --> 00:38:05,580 question yes thank you very much the 705 00:38:12,350 --> 00:38:08,730 follow-up is Kate for Kate in your 706 00:38:14,630 --> 00:38:12,360 experience what is the aha moment for 707 00:38:17,870 --> 00:38:14,640 everyday Americans or even the business 708 00:38:21,770 --> 00:38:17,880 community that our large investments in 709 00:38:24,170 --> 00:38:21,780 space exploration is valuable yeah I 710 00:38:26,480 --> 00:38:24,180 think you really see that when we 711 00:38:27,980 --> 00:38:26,490 increase the scientific output on the 712 00:38:30,170 --> 00:38:27,990 space station and really when we reached 713 00:38:33,080 --> 00:38:30,180 six crew members we started seeing the 714 00:38:34,970 --> 00:38:33,090 numbers of papers come out and these are 715 00:38:39,350 --> 00:38:34,980 things that are that are influencing a 716 00:38:42,290 --> 00:38:39,360 whole range of potential either products 717 00:38:43,970 --> 00:38:42,300 for people or our understanding of 718 00:38:46,970 --> 00:38:43,980 fundamental things we talked a lot about 719 00:38:48,920 --> 00:38:46,980 cells and biology but there's things 720 00:38:51,140 --> 00:38:48,930 about manufacturing that we can 721 00:38:55,280 --> 00:38:51,150 understand in microgravity materials 722 00:38:57,560 --> 00:38:55,290 science there's ways to process things 723 00:38:59,650 --> 00:38:57,570 differently and analyze them differently 724 00:39:02,960 --> 00:38:59,660 we can study things like combustion 725 00:39:05,360 --> 00:39:02,970 there's I think pretty much any area 726 00:39:07,790 --> 00:39:05,370 there's something very interesting to 727 00:39:09,590 --> 00:39:07,800 study with microgravity and it may have 728 00:39:11,510 --> 00:39:09,600 a direct commercial application or it 729 00:39:14,810 --> 00:39:11,520 may be something that leads us along the 730 00:39:16,460 --> 00:39:14,820 road to a commercial product but I think 731 00:39:19,670 --> 00:39:16,470 it's it's hard to find an area that 732 00:39:21,200 --> 00:39:19,680 doesn't have some kind of influence from 733 00:39:23,210 --> 00:39:21,210 the effect of gravity and really the 734 00:39:27,830 --> 00:39:23,220 only way to study that is in this 735 00:39:32,290 --> 00:39:27,840 incredible orbiting laboratory all right 736 00:39:39,080 --> 00:39:36,320 okay I wanted to ask you this you during 737 00:39:40,910 --> 00:39:39,090 your first mission you read a 20 minute 738 00:39:43,790 --> 00:39:40,920 video conference from the space station 739 00:39:46,670 --> 00:39:43,800 back to vintage high school here in Napa 740 00:39:48,380 --> 00:39:46,680 now obviously the schools here have been 741 00:39:50,180 --> 00:39:48,390 closed for three and a half months and 742 00:39:53,780 --> 00:39:50,190 there's considerable debate as to 743 00:39:57,110 --> 00:39:53,790 whether when I should say the safe to 744 00:40:00,230 --> 00:39:57,120 reopen live classes again but I would 745 00:40:02,990 --> 00:40:00,240 like to know what plans NASA is making 746 00:40:05,510 --> 00:40:03,000 to possibly have you reach out to 747 00:40:08,500 --> 00:40:05,520 students again even at even if it has to 748 00:40:10,210 --> 00:40:08,510 be done by alternative means yeah that's 749 00:40:12,870 --> 00:40:10,220 great question and that's one of the 750 00:40:15,160 --> 00:40:12,880 great things about stage station 751 00:40:18,190 --> 00:40:15,170 educational opportunities is we do them 752 00:40:20,010 --> 00:40:18,200 remotely by video and so we're working 753 00:40:22,840 --> 00:40:20,020 on a number of different opportunities 754 00:40:26,080 --> 00:40:22,850 to be able to have students tie-in 755 00:40:27,730 --> 00:40:26,090 remotely and ask questions and be able 756 00:40:30,430 --> 00:40:27,740 to have astronauts answer those 757 00:40:32,890 --> 00:40:30,440 questions so you know versus having 758 00:40:35,530 --> 00:40:32,900 everybody sit in an auditorium we still 759 00:40:37,750 --> 00:40:35,540 can do this and tie this into the remote 760 00:40:39,970 --> 00:40:37,760 learning that a lot of districts are 761 00:40:41,890 --> 00:40:39,980 doing the other thing that NASA has done 762 00:40:44,140 --> 00:40:41,900 a wonderful job and this was not just 763 00:40:47,710 --> 00:40:44,150 during the pandemic but they put a whole 764 00:40:51,700 --> 00:40:47,720 host of educational activities online so 765 00:40:54,070 --> 00:40:51,710 if you just go to WWE gov you can look 766 00:40:56,170 --> 00:40:54,080 at the the section they're under for 767 00:40:58,290 --> 00:40:56,180 educators and you can find all kinds of 768 00:41:00,970 --> 00:40:58,300 experiments that students can do at home 769 00:41:02,590 --> 00:41:00,980 complete kits of things that are 770 00:41:04,780 --> 00:41:02,600 appropriate for different grade levels 771 00:41:07,780 --> 00:41:04,790 there's a lot of information online 772 00:41:10,090 --> 00:41:07,790 either for students or for parents or 773 00:41:11,950 --> 00:41:10,100 for educators when people are remote 774 00:41:13,930 --> 00:41:11,960 learning if they want to get involved in 775 00:41:16,060 --> 00:41:13,940 NASA or get their students involved in 776 00:41:17,380 --> 00:41:16,070 science I think that's it's a wonderful 777 00:41:21,520 --> 00:41:17,390 resource I'd really recommend checking 778 00:41:23,710 --> 00:41:21,530 that out that's great all right we'll 779 00:41:25,570 --> 00:41:23,720 take one final question this one is from 780 00:41:27,460 --> 00:41:25,580 social media we have several people 781 00:41:31,120 --> 00:41:27,470 asking about the communication between 782 00:41:34,000 --> 00:41:31,130 the crew Kate do you speak Russian and 783 00:41:37,000 --> 00:41:34,010 how do you guys communicate new docking 784 00:41:39,220 --> 00:41:37,010 yashna the governing party we speak in 785 00:41:41,020 --> 00:41:39,230 Russian when we're in the US we tend to 786 00:41:43,420 --> 00:41:41,030 all speak in English when we're doing 787 00:41:46,150 --> 00:41:43,430 our training here when we're over in 788 00:41:48,340 --> 00:41:46,160 Russian it's easier to do everything in 789 00:41:51,220 --> 00:41:48,350 Russian when we're in the Soyuz our 790 00:41:52,690 --> 00:41:51,230 procedures are in Russian so I think we 791 00:41:55,000 --> 00:41:52,700 switched back and forth pretty often 792 00:41:58,180 --> 00:41:55,010 with the crewmembers confuses our 793 00:42:01,450 --> 00:41:58,190 instructors occasionally but we we don't 794 00:42:03,490 --> 00:42:01,460 usually have a problem communicating all 795 00:42:08,130 --> 00:42:03,500 right Sergei okay did you have anything 796 00:42:14,040 --> 00:42:12,670 munitia what about Ana's procrastinator 797 00:42:18,030 --> 00:42:14,050 panamanian 798 00:42:22,020 --> 00:42:18,040 mr. je Minetti Pasha Kate 799 00:42:27,640 --> 00:42:22,030 Raja Guevara - Paula - Monsieur game 800 00:42:31,420 --> 00:42:27,650 mr. game procrastination skate bottom 801 00:42:33,790 --> 00:42:31,430 paneer master additional motion tell 802 00:42:36,640 --> 00:42:33,800 Cooper other words nothing really to add 803 00:42:40,059 --> 00:42:36,650 the mutual understanding within our crew 804 00:42:42,220 --> 00:42:40,069 is fantastic Kate speaks Russian really 805 00:42:44,650 --> 00:42:42,230 well and she understands really well so 806 00:42:48,309 --> 00:42:44,660 there are runs really issues with the 807 00:42:50,380 --> 00:42:48,319 language at all that's wonderful okay 808 00:42:52,510 --> 00:42:50,390 with that we'll wrap up today's news 809 00:42:54,970 --> 00:42:52,520 conference thank you so much - Kate 810 00:42:57,069 --> 00:42:54,980 Sergei and Sergei for answering 811 00:42:59,740 --> 00:42:57,079 questions today and being with us and 812 00:43:01,720 --> 00:42:59,750 best wishes to you and your launch and 813 00:43:03,010 --> 00:43:01,730 your mission we're so excited to see you 814 00:43:05,859 --> 00:43:03,020 guys up on the International Space 815 00:43:08,020 --> 00:43:05,869 Station everyone should watch Kate 816 00:43:11,230 --> 00:43:08,030 Sergey and Sergey launched on October 817 00:43:13,990 --> 00:43:11,240 14th you can watch on NASA TV online at 818 00:43:16,480 --> 00:43:14,000 nasa.gov slash live or on Facebook live 819 00:43:18,280 --> 00:43:16,490 on the NASA Facebook page you can also 820 00:43:21,309 --> 00:43:18,290 follow the international space station 821 00:43:24,190 --> 00:43:21,319 on Twitter Instagram and Facebook for 822 00:43:26,800 --> 00:43:24,200 updates and visit nasa.gov slash station 823 00:43:36,240 --> 00:43:26,810 for more information thanks for joining